Armor Modification Table

The armor modification table is a special "machine" that, as it says, modifies armor pieces which can be added and removed with ease. It is incredibly useful at all stages of progression. It is fully shift click compatible too.

Use
The armor piece you wish to modify is placed in the center and all armor mods you seek to add go in the outer slots. The armor mod tells you where it goes on its tooltip, but you can also shift-click it and it will automatically go to the appropriate slot.

The armor mods fall into several categories:

Cladding
Cladding is an internal layer of the armor that protects either it or the wearer. It may be applied to any armor piece.

Radiation protection-type cladding adds additional radiation resistance to the armor, which can mean giving standard armor a slight boost is shielding or making a hazmat suit even more potent. All are upgradable to Desh tier except for Lead paint.

Obsidian skin makes dropped armor pieces indestructible.

Iron cladding adds 0.5 knockback resistance.

Servos
Servos make armor behave more like power armor, giving speed and strength. They can be applied to either leggings or chestplates.

Basic servos grant Haste 1 and a 50% damage boost when attached to a chestplate. They grant a 25% speed boost and Jump 2 when attached to a pair of leggings.

They can be upgraded to Desh servos which then grants Haste 3 + 150% damage boost and 25% speed boost and Jump 3 when attached to chestplates or leggings respectively.

Inserts
Inserts are like cladding, but geared more towards defense in combat. They can only be applied to chestplates. Unlike all other inserts, they take damage as you do and will eventually have to be replaced.

There is a main line of upgradability, with each one granting better and better damage protection from various areas. The others also do, but don't require the upgrade line and rather you have to pay with some drawback such as a speed decrease due to weight.

Special
Any mod that grants some special ability, such as removal of negative potion effects, adding health, allowing revives, and etc. Many of these special mods cannot be crafted (though some may be upgraded) and must be acquired via various forms of vanilla loot.

Other
Some miscellaneous armor mods:

Gas mask attachable
Allows you to wear a gas mask and a helmet at once, it also doesn't degrade. Come in the forms of activated carbon and catalytic. Attached to helmets, obviously.

Magnets
Attracts items towards you with increasing range with upgrades.

Alcohol
Grants a certain number of revives, drunkenness saves lives! (Note: do not actually consume alcohol of such amounts)

Health Boosters
Increase maximum health to a max of +30. The later stage ones require boss coins to be made.

Jetpacks
Self-explanatory, while they can be worn alone, they are much more useful when attached to a chestplate. They are the only fluid container type items that can take an amount that is not 0 or its maximum amount. They can also be filled when attached, convenient huh?

Miscellaneous
Most of these ones give a wide variety of utilities, some may consider, overpowered.